Thursday, September 01, 2011

How To Get More Free Dropbox Storage With Your School Email Address [News]

  

via MakeUseOf by Bakari Chavanu on 7/28/11

Millions of us use the free in-the-cloud, file sharing and syncing service Dropbox who allow you to increase your free storage by using their referral system. When you get someone else to sign up for a Dropbox account, you get an extra 250MB of additional space.
But now if you're a student or educator with a .edu email address, you can get double the credits for referrals. That's 500MB per friend you invite. With enough Dropbox space, you can nearly replace the local documents folder on your computer with your Dropbox account, which means accessing your content from any online computer.
Dropbox is a great tool for students who work between two or more computers. Plus, the file sharing features of Dropbox are useful for group projects in school.
Edubox
To get more storage, you simply need to verify your .edu email address. Once your address is verified, your current Dropbox account storage will be doubled; for example, from 2GB of existing Dropbox space to 4GB after your .edu account is verified.
When you refer a friend and he or she actually signs up for a Dropbox account, your storage space will be doubled again. You can get up to 8GB of free space using the referral process.
Droboxreferral
If you don't already have a Dropbox account, go here to get started. After you're signed up, log into your account and link into the referral process to invite your friends, using their email, and/or your Twitter and Facebook accounts.
Source: How-To Geek

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Monday, August 29, 2011

100 Best Blogs for Econ Students


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Saturday, August 27, 2011

6 Blogs That Will Help You Understand Economics


understand economicsOne of the most common questions of the last few years has been "how did we get into this mess?" Understanding why the global economic problems occurred, and what issues are currently relevant, isn't easy. TV pundits and politicians have their opinions, but they're often contradictory, resulting in further confusion.
But worry not, layman economists! Although economics is complex, it doesn't necessarily need to be out of your grasp. There are numerous blogs across the Internet that provide interesting, timely information and argument about the economy of both today and tomorrow. More importantly, the econ blogs out there are written in a language you can actually understand.

Calculated Risk

understand economics
If you're looking for the latest information about current economic conditions in the United States and, to a lesser extent, the world, Calculated Risk is the place to be. This blog can be a little bit daunting at first because of the volume of information that it delivers and the initially obscure nature of the graphs and post titles.
Dive into the posts themselves, however, and you'll find that Calculated Risk does a pretty good job of summarizing what's important and leaving out what isn't. The blog also does regular round-ups that point out the most important news of the last week and the most important upcoming announcements.
Calculated Risk doesn't delve much into economic history or theory, but it's an amazing blog for people who want to learn about what's happening right now. They also have really awesome graphs!

Carpe Diem

what is economics
Staffed by Mark Perry, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, Carpe Diem is a centrist current economics blog that tends to skew towards covering "weird" or "unique" topics – one series of posts argues that increasing voter turnout would not have any major effect on the outcomes of elections, for example. Whatever the topic, however, Mark does a good job of providing clear posts that don't fall into using too much economic mumble-jumbo.
Carpe Diem is also one of the few blogs that has been posting positive economic news on a fairly regular basis. If you're a glass-half-full kind of person you'll probably enjoy this blog.

China Financial Markets

economic systems
There is no question that China is an important part of the global economy, but the economics of the country in which a sixth of the world's population resides isn't usually explored by western media outlets. China Financial Markets fills that gap.
While published in a blog format, China Financial Markets is more like a single-article online magazine. New posts occur only about once a week, but they're incredibly long and very detailed – I'd say the average post is between 1,000 and 2,000 words. This is probably the hardest blog listed here to understand, and at least part of that difficulty is due to the fact that the posts may touch on people, objects and locations you've never heard of before. It's an incredibly insightful blog, however, and well worth your time.

Freakonomics

economic systems
This pop-econ blog is, like the book of the same name, focused on strange and unusual economic outcomes that occur throughout the world. The blog features posts from the authors of Freaknomics, but includes occasional posts from other contributors as well.
You won't find much serious economic talk on this blog, but what you will find are engaging posts about economics that are easy to read and easy to understand. If you're very new to reading about economics, and you're not ready to jump into the heavier stuff just yet, reading Freakonomics for awhile can get you into the right state of mind – and the fact that this blog isn't serious business doesn't mean you won't learn anything.

The Big Picture

economic systems
If you take Calculated Risk's tendency to post cool graphs, add a dash of political opinion, and smother the whole thing with some in-depth economic analysis, what do you get? The Big Picture.
Created by Barry Ritholz (the author of Bailout Nation), a financial journalist and money manager, The Big Picture provides timely posts about current economic events and laces them with engaging, well written commentary. Although the author of this blog has Wall Street ties, this is not a blog built to sell the author's services or trumpet Wall Street's successes while neglecting its failures. Instead, The Big Picture acts as a watchdog – many of the blog's posts are about how poor behavior on the part of Wall Street is having negative economic consequences.

The Conscience of a Liberal

understand economics
There are few economists who are controversial as Paul Krugman, the Noble Prize winning professor who, as the title of his blog suggests, stands defiantly on the political left. What really makes Krugman's blog stand out from the crowd, however, is the ease with which he makes his economic arguments accessible. Although he occasionally falls into deeply academic talk, his posts are for the most part laid out in layman's terms. They address specific points, as well, which makes it easier for economic newbies to follow what's being discussed.
The Conscience of a Liberal is a bit of a pessimistic blog (at least at the moment) so be warned that you may come away deeply afraid that you and everyone you know will lose their jobs and never be able to find another one, ever. There is a reason why the New Yorker once ran a comic depicting Krugman as a street preacher foretelling the end of days.

Conclusion

Reading these blogs won't necessarily turn you into an economics professor overnight. These blogs will, however, give you a much better perspective on current events. So what are you waiting for? Start learning, real good!


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Friday, July 22, 2011

200 Countries and 200 Years in 4 Minutes


Greg Mankiw's Blog


Saturday, June 04, 2011

ONE: The app every American should own


TUAW

My brother and I frequently discuss the fact that, though many Americans are passionate about a wide variety of issues affecting our country, few seem to actually take the time to do anything about it. And who can blame them? Many Americans are so overworked, underpaid, and in fear of how they'll make their mortgage payment or health insurance premium next month that they may not have time to attend a political rally or contact their representative on a certain issue? Well, now there's an app that makes it easier for the average Joe to take political action and promote change -- all from his iPhone.
ONE Campaign is essentially a call-to-action app. It lists a number of political issues or advocacy movements and gives you instant access to proven projects that are working to combat the issues (like vaccines for children, for example). You can then enlist your Twitter or Facebook friends to help spread the word and join movements that are important to you. But the best thing about the app is that it gives you instant tools so you can actually take political action. With a few taps you can call your Congressman or sign a petition to support your cause. The app knows who your Congressional leaders are based on the zip code you enter. So many political action apps are solely news-focused. They tell us the bad things that are happening and leave us angry or distressed. The ONE app allows us to take productive action on an issue as easily as we download a song. ONE Campaign is a free download.
ONE: The app every American should own originally appeared on TUAW - The Unofficial Apple Weblog on Sat, 04 Jun 2011 08:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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Monday, May 23, 2011

Strong Dollar = Strong Economy ?


Greg Mankiw's Blog
An excellent column from Christy Romer.

Tuesday, May 17, 2011

Google Plays the Yield Curve


Greg Mankiw's Blog
Click on graphic to enlarge.

I was fascinated a story in today's Wall Street Journal.  Apparently, Google is sitting on $37 billion in cash, but nonetheless decided to sell $3 billion worth of bonds.  Why?  To take advantage of low interest rates.

It is like reverse maturity transformation.  The banking system borrows short and lends long.  Google is borrowing long and lending short.  (Or maybe I should call it reverse quantitative easing, as Google is also doing exactly the opposite of what the Fed has been doing.)

Does this make sense for Google?  I have no idea, and I am ready to concede that those guys are a lot smarter (and financially successful) than I am.  But there is reason to be skeptical. 

The chart above shows the spread between the ten-year Treasury bond and the three-month Treasury bill.  The yield spread is now high by historical standards.  The empirical literature on the expectations theory of the term structure (in which I have sometimes played) suggests that this is a good time to borrow short and lend long--the opposite of what Google is doing.

Maybe this time is different, and past empirical regularities will not hold going forward.  But ponder this question: If you had a friend with a paid-up house, would you suggest that he now take out a long-term mortgage in order to deposit the proceeds in a money-market fund?  If not, does it make sense for Google to be doing much the same thing?

Updates:

1. A smart reader sends in the following plausible explanation:
While it's true that Google has $37 billion in cash and equivalents, almost all of that $37 billion is in non-U.S. accounts (an artifact of funneling most of their profits through low-tax Ireland). They cannot spend that $37 billion in the U.S. without incurring a tax rate of 35 percent; thus, the borrowing is to finance spending in the U.S. (as opposed to abroad). All the big tech companies do the same thing (Microsoft was in the news for the same thing some 6 months ago).  Thus, Google is not trying to play the yield curve so much as intertemporally arbitrage the U.S. tax code. By not repatriating the $37 billion now, they are betting that the U.S. corporate tax rate on repatriated foreign profits will be appreciably lower in the future than it is now.
2. On the other hand, another loyal reader points me toward this source, which says:

The firm doesn't have the same issue with overseas cash that many of its large-cap technology peers do. Of Google's $37 billion in cash, only about $17 billion is sitting outside the U.S. Microsoft, by contrast, has no net cash remaining in the U.S., while nearly 90% of Cisco's cash is sitting outside of the country.
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Saturday, November 20, 2010

Answering the bunnies


Econbrowser
A cartoon has been making the rounds (e.g., Forbes, Zero Hedge, and Real Clear Politics) in which cartoon characters (bunnies maybe? or perhaps some other life form) ask questions about quantitative easing. I would have provided slightly different answers than did the didactic character in the cartoon, so I thought it might be fun to interject myself as a third character in the bunnies' conversation.
The cartoon begins with a discussion of quantitative easing.
Bunny: What does that mean?
JDH: It means that the Fed is going to buy some more long-term Treasury securities. The idea is that by buying a large amount, the effect will be to increase the price of those bonds, which would make the interest rates on those and other bonds lower. Lower interest rates might help make more loans available to small businesses and create better opportunities for households to refinance. By depreciating the dollar, the move may also encourage U.S. exports and discourage U.S. imports.
Bunny: Why do they call it the quantitative easing? Why don't they just call it printing money?
JDH: Actually no money is going to be printed. The Fed will pay for these purchases by crediting accounts that banks have with the Fed. Although it is true that banks could ask to withdraw these funds in the form of green currency, they currently are showing no interest in doing so. And before banks did start to want to withdraw these funds as money, the Fed plans to sell the assets off to bring the reserves back in. There is no plan now or in the future to "print a ton of money".
The bunnies then go on to note correctly that one of the goals of quantitative easing is to prevent deflation.
Bunny: Isn't [deflation] good? Doesn't that mean people can buy more of the stuff?
JDH: It would if your nominal income stayed the same. But that's exactly the problem. In episodes of deflation, people's wages go down, and many lose their jobs and can't find new ones. A decrease in the price of what we buy sounds good to us, but a decrease in the price of what we sell (namely, a decrease in our salary) does not. The experience of countries in which wages and prices are falling has been very painful, and the Fed wants to avoid this.
Bunny: But aren't food, gas, health care, and tuition prices higher than a year ago?
JDH: Yes, though items such as clothes and furniture are lower. But if we wait until deflation is established more broadly before acting, measures like the ones the Fed just announced would likely be less effective.
Bunny: Aren't bond prices higher than a year ago?
JDH: Bond prices don't enter into consumer's budgets. In fact, the higher bond prices are one indicator that deflation is a greater risk today than it was a year ago.
Bunny: Has the Fed ever been right about anything?
JDH: A study by Christina and David Romer published in the American Economic Review in 2000 found that Federal Reserve forecasts of inflation were significantly better than those generated by the Blue Chip survey of economic forecasters, the Survey of Professional Forecasters, or Data Resources, Inc. A study by Jon Faust and Jonathan Wright published in the Journal of Business and Economic Statistics in 2009 found the Fed's forecasts of inflation were significantly better than those generated by a battery of state-of-the-art time-series forecasting techniques.
The bunnies then get into a discussion of the mechanics of bond purchases by the Fed.
Bunny: If the Ben Bernank wants to buy the Treasury bonds with the American people's money, he does not buy them from the Treasury, he buys them from the Goldman Sachs?
JDH: Goldman Sachs is one of 16 different dealers from which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York solicits competitive bids. That's the way it's been done for a century, and it would be illegal for the Fed to do as the bunnies propose. From U.S. Monetary Policy and Financial Markets, 1998, Chapter 7:
The Federal Reserve makes all additions to its portfolio through purchases of securities that are already outstanding. The Federal Reserve Act [of 1913] does not give the [Federal Reserve] System the authority to purchase new Treasury issues for cash. Over the years, a variety of provisions had permitted the Treasury to borrow limited amounts directly from the Federal Reserve. Options for such loans existed until 1935. Temporary provisions for direct loans were reintroduced in 1942 and renewed with varying restrictions a number of times thereafter. Authority for any kind of direct loans to the Treasury lapsed in 1981 and has not been renewed.
The reason that the Fed has always been required to buy bonds from private dealers rather than the U.S. Treasury is that the process of money creation needs to be institutionally separated from the process of financing the public debt. In fact, the potential blurring of those boundaries is one of the most important legitimate criticisms of quantitative easing.
And here is the original cartoon, in which you'll see that the bunnies' own answers are much funnier than mine.




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Thursday, November 18, 2010

Assessing Fantasy Scenarios


Econbrowser
With the EGTRRA/JGTRRA extensions and proposals for tax reform and debt reduction flying left and right, I think it behooves us to review what the theoretical (well, actually undergraduate textbook) literature and the empirical assessments suggest will be the impact of tax rate changes. I want to devote special attention to the hypothesis that there will be large dis-incentive effects on high income households should their tax rates go up, with correspondingly large negative ramifications for overall economic activity.
Tax rate reductions can affect the macroeconomy in many different ways. In what is typically characterized as the Keynesian approach, the tax rate reduction increases disposable income, and hence consumption. In what is typically characterized as the supply side approach, the tax rate reduction induces an increase in labor supply.
The former effect induces an outward shift of the aggregate demand curve, while the latter shifts out the long run aggregate supply curve (since potential output depends upon the labor stock employed).
fantasy1.gif
Figure 1: Shift in aggregate demand curve due to reduced tax rate, or shift in potential GDP.
Now, in typical macroeconomic modeling (in what is sometimes called the Neoclassical synthesis), both effects are included. Which effect dominates? This is an empirical issue (Interestingly, this was the topic of the first economics paper I wrote in college, during the era of Arthur Laffer and Jude Wanniski; I guess economic policy is like fashion -- some things, like platform shoes, keep on coming back).
Theory
To highlight the reason why this is an empirical issue, first consider the impact of a tax reduction on the after tax wage rate, and hence the labor-leisure tradeoff. Let IC1 be the original indifference curve, X the maximum number of hours of leisure, and Y income.
fantasy2.gif
Figure 2: Impact of (after-tax) wage rate increase. Source http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Labor_market/
The original equilibrium point is A, with XA hours of leisure, YA income. A tax rate decrease raises the after tax wage rate, making the relative price line steeper. The new equilibrium is at B. Now leisure falls to XB, as income rises to YB. Leisure is a normal good in this example. Notice that the income and substitution effects are then offsetting (XA to XC is the income effect, XC to XB is the substitution effect). Notice that the indifference curves could be drawn so that in fact leisure increased in response to the tax rate decrease. In such instances, the labor supply curve would be backward bending. Only if leisure is an inferior good (i.e., one prefers less leisure as income rises, which seems like an unappealing assumption) can one rule out the backward bending supply curve over the entire range of wage rates. (More undergrad-level notes here, and here).
Empirics
Since theory does not provide guidance on the real-world effect, we have to appeal to data. There are numerous studies addressing this question (see a meta analysis here). I'm going to refer to the numbers the Congressional Budget Office uses in its microsimulation model, here; I show Table 2 from the paper below.
fantasy3.gif
Source: CBO, "The Effect of Tax Changes on Labor Supply in CBO's Microsimulation Tax Model," Background Paper (April 2007).
The table can be read as follows:
Income elasticity measures the percentage change in total hours worked that would result from a 1 percent increase in after-tax income, holding the after-tax wage rate constant. Substitution elasticity measures the percentage change in hours worked from a 1 percent increase in the after-tax wage rate, holding the worker's utility constant. The total wage elasticity is the sum of the two elasticities; it measures the percentage change in hours worked that would result from 1 percent increases in both after-tax income and the after-tax wage rate.
I think it's of interest that if one is worried about the incentive effects on the top four deciles (top two quintiles), these elasticities suggest that the anxiety is misplaced. The elasticity for these two quintiles is 0.028; that is a tax rate increase that decreases after tax wages by 1 percent would decrease labor supply by these individuals by 0.028 percent(!). Notice that the elasticity is much higher for secondary earners.
Overall, the CBO concluded in the 2007 report (Table 3) that only about 4% of the static revenue loss associated with extending the EGTRRA/JGTRRA and implementing an AMT fix would be offset by the increased tax revenue associated with people working longer hours due to supply side effects.
Policy Implications
What this tells me is that in crafting tax increases, one should pay attention to incentives, but one shouldn't overstress the importance of supply side effects. And in particular, those incentive effects seem particularly small for high income earners. There is a separate question of whether a higher tax rate would disproportionately impact the consumption of high income households, which account for a large share of overall US consumption (as opposed to raising taxes on lower-income liquidity constrained households, which arguably have a higher marginal propensity to consume). To me, that makes more sense, from an analytical perspective, than fixating on the supply side effect.
Postscript: These are static effects in the CBO study. For discussion of dynamic effects, see this post.
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Friday, November 05, 2010

A QE2 Ditty


Greg Mankiw's Blog
Reader Dave Stehman sends in the following:

It's Called Quantitative Easing
I heard it in the headlines
It's news all over town
We might be double dippin'
Green shoots have all turned brown
It's a balance sheet recession
With a housing overhang
But they've got a brand new program
And it will start you with a bang
And it's called, quantitative easing
They say results are always pleasing.
When liquidity all starts freezing
Just warm things up with quantitative easing
I will say it straight and simple
It's clear, just like a bell
There's some long term bonds to buy
There's some short term bonds to sell
Don't talk about the good times
Don't ask me where they went
Just move your inflation target
On up to three point five per cent
And it's called, quantitative easing
This ain't no joke, it ain't no teasing
When the GDP starts wheezing
Treat with a shot of quantitative easing
Good and magic things will happen
It might take a week or three
Unemployment plunging downward
Recovery shaped just like a V
You'll see Nobels at the Treasury
There'll be rock stars at the Fed
It'll take hair off of Krugman's face
Put it on top of Ken Rogoff's head
And it's called, quantitative easin'
This ain't no scam, so don't call no policeman
When the engine of commerce starts seizin'
Just add a quart or quantitative easin'
Show no mercy to the critics
Don't let no one stop your nerve
You can mock Ricardian Equivalence
You can laugh at the Laffer Curve
Tell that guy at the Minneapolis Fed
To shut up, or you'll break his legs
And if the Bond Vigilantes don't like it?
Well, they can go suck eggs
And it's called quantitative easin'
You know I say this for a reason
When the economy just sits there squeezing
Loosen things up with quantitative easing

Saturday, February 06, 2010

Top 5 World News Websites Guaranteed Free From Censorship


world newsMy name is Ryan Dube and I am a corporate news media addict. There…I said it. I love the glitzy commercials, the shiny well-funded world news websites with lots of widgets and cool gadgets to feed my mobile phone and my PC with piles of important news headlines, like who won the Oscars last night or how President Obama's wonderful budget impact my taxes.
You know – the sort of stuff that you gaze over while you're sipping on your morning coffee, content that all is right in the world, and that the Western World is the center of the Universe and always in the right. In this article, I'm going to share 5 world news websites that completely shatter that unrealistic view of the world.

Last year I was discussing world military events with a friend from the UK. He made a comment about U.S. and U.K. military action in Iraq that I hadn't heard about. I was flummoxed. Up to that point, I was an avid reader of all of the corporate news media giants – CNN, Fox News, and CBS. I trusted those news organizations to deliver the most important news in the world to my doorstep.
He forwarded me the link from an Independent UK news organization. I read the story, and grew angrier with every sentence – not because of the content but because I hadn't heard about it. I went back and sifted through my favorite media sites, and eventually found the news story, but it was buried under mountains of other headlines deemed far more important – things like Britney Spear's emotional breakdown. That experience lit a fire under me – never again would I subject myself to the biased headlines of corporate media.

Independent News – The Way News Used to Be

There was a time – and old-school journalists remember it well – when journalism as a career meant being so passionate about getting the truth in front of the public eye, that one would resort to extremes of self-sacrifice. As world governments, dictators and entire armies sought to pin entire populations down under oppressive regimes – the valiant journalist served as a citizen spy, going where even many CIA operatives failed to go, and reporting back their stories to the entire world.
True journalism broke the back of oppression – it exposed deceit and corruption to the light of day. But today…well, today we have stories about the latest movies out over the weekend, and updates about the Toyota Recall. The media itself is now a bastion of corporate corruption.
However, we have hope in the form of Independent media. There are still organizations that believe in those founding ideals of journalism – there are still journalists that hold true to the principles that keep democratic societies informed about the atrocities and corruption taking place throughout the world. This list of unbiased world news websites is my nod of support and admiration for those organizations, my own small contribution to the destruction of that bloated creature known as Corporate Media.
world news website
I'm starting with the UK-based The Independent because it was the news source that my friend forwarded to me years ago. I do believe private funding supports the organization, but from my personal use of the site for news stories, I've noticed that they cover many world news stories which many other corporate owned entities avoid. You may find Hollywood gossip-style stories here and there, but nowhere near as bad as U.S. based media sources.
world news website
I think my favorite source for unbiased, hard-hitting stories is the world news website TheRealNews. This news program is a flagship show of the Independent World Television (IWT). They accept no advertising (even The Independent can't say that), and their mission statement is inspiring for any young journalist just entering into the news industry. From TheRealNews about page:
"The movements for the rights of working people, women, children, immigrants, indigenous people, for freedom of religion and conscience, for moral and spiritual values and for peace and against racism are news. The health of our planet will be a story, day after day."
Now, doesn't that just make you want to stand up and take your hat off? This is an organization that truly understands and adheres to the founding principles of journalism.
world news website
The Independent Media Center just has guerrilla journalism written all over it. I picture brave journalists from all corners of the world, interviewing victims in war-torn countries and other centers of violence simply to get their stories out to the world. The IMC, as it is affectionately called, hosts news blogs from independent journalists throughout the world, including Iraq, Iran, Israel and Palestine just to name a few. Want the real scoop on world news? You know that you'll get the real story here.
world news
World News is sort of an aggregate of many world news websites, including the likes of Al Jazeera, BBC News, The Guardian and The Times of India. While individual news sources may not be totally unbiased or completely free of censorship, you can rest assured that if you're getting all of your news from World News, then you know that you'll be betting all sides of the story.
world news
I know I said The Real News is my favorite independent news source, AlterNet is actually my other favorite. Founded in 1998, AlterNet led the way for all future journalists seeking to break from from the scourge of Corporate Media. The articles there cover significant issues, and it also highlights stories from other independent news sources.
The site's mission statement is just as inspiring:
"AlterNet's aim is to inspire action and advocacy on the environment, human rights and civil liberties, social justice, media, health care issues, and more."
When the world seems crazy and confusing and you just don't know where to turn anymore to get the truth, websites like AlterNet offer you a refuge. It gives you a place that you can return to and know that you're not being fed propaganda or political party lines. Independent news is the real stuff, and these are the world news websites where you can get it.
Do you know of any other excellent Independent news sites? Share your favorites with other readers in the comments section below.
Did you like the post? Please do share your thoughts in the comments section!
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Thursday, October 01, 2009

How Did Economists Get It So Wrong? - NYTimes.com


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